The adequacy of Malaysian security of payment legislation for sub-contractors in construction industry

In Malaysia, the particularly small sized subcontractors are definitely benefited from payment provisions in the proposed Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication Act (CIPA Act). However, they need to enhance their knowledge of the so-called the ‘Security of Payment’ Regime to benefits from the Act. Due to this, this on-going research attempts to introduce payment framework to the sub-contractors, in giving the knowledge, to claim for payment. This paper, though, is to disclose the finding of the level of knowledge that the sub-contractors have to the proposed Act, by preliminary analyzing the quantitative questionnaire survey. It was found that the adequacy of security of payment framework to the particularly small sized sub-contractors needs to be produced, and the analysis on effectiveness of the various avenues incorporated in the construction contract or statutes in the other developed countries as well as the proposed Act needs to be done. However, as long as the regime remains in proposal, the sub-contractors have to bear with the current structure of payment mechanisms in the standard forms of contract, which are payment upon certification, direct payment from the employer, and contingent or conditional payment.legal readiness; Malaysia; sub-contractors; security of payment; construction industry

Sub-Contractors’ readiness on the Malaysian security of payment legislation in construction industry

In Malaysia, subcontractors are definitely benefited from payment provisions in the proposed Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication Act (CIPA Act). However, the particularly small sized sub-contractors need to enhance knowledge of the so-called the ‘Security of Payment’ Regime to improve their awareness of the benefits of the Act. Due to this, this on-going research attempts to introduce balance and proper guidelines to the sub-contractors, in giving the knowledge, to claim for payment and the main contractors able to make prompt payments. Before that, the research may first identify the payment provisions in the standard forms of contracts as well as in domestic sub-contracts especially on Contingent Payment, and exploring the problems and legal issues relating to payment default. Then, by determining the level of knowledge that the sub-contractors have to the proposed CIPA Act, and analysing the various avenues which improve the payment problem in the construction industry those have been incorporated in the construction contract or statutes in the other developed countries as well as the proposed CIPA Act, the aim may be achieved. The purpose of this paper, though, is to disclose the finding of the first objective of the on-going research. In the standard forms of construction contracts, currently, the payment structure to the sub-contractors are divided into three: payment upon certification, direct payment from the employer, and contingent payment or conditional payment. As long as the Malaysian ‘Security of Payment’ Regime remains in proposal, the sub-contractors have to bear with the current structure of payment mechanisms.legal readiness; Malaysia; sub-contractors; security of payment; construction industry

Security of payment regime in construction industry: are Malaysian sub-contractors ready?

In Malaysia, the particularly small sized sub-contractors are definitely benefited from payment provisions in the proposed Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication Act (CIPA Act), but need to enhance their knowledge in order to improve their awareness of the benefits of the Act. Accordingly, this on-going research attempts to introduce proper guidelines to the sub-contractors, in giving the knowledge, to claim for payment. Firstly, the research explored the problems and legal issues relating to payment default in law cases and standard forms of contract. By downloading from the Malayan Law Journal, cases that indicated the issues of payment to the subcontractors, were analyzed. It is found that on its relevancy, the adjudicator shall be equipped enough with the knowledge on the issues to become a good and reliable adjudicator, as well as sub-contractors will need to enhance their knowledge on the issues of payment in order to be successful in benefitting the proposed CIPA Act. However, as long as the CIPA Act remains in proposal, the sub-contractors have to bear with the knowledge of the current structure of payment mechanisms in the standard forms of contract, which are payment upon certification, direct payment from the employer, and contingent or conditional payment.construction industry; Malaysia; readiness; security of payment; sub-contractors

The Framework of Factors for the Improvement of the Significant Clauses in the Standard Form of Contract for the IBS Construction Approach in Malaysia

The Industrialised Building System (IBS) was introduced over 10 years ago in Malaysia, with well-documented benefits and strong support from the government. Apparently, the adoption and implementation of IBS is still low and below the government target. When adopting IBS, construction players mostly face different issues and challenges, particularly on contractual aspects, which contribute to the low adoption of IBS in Malaysia. There is also a lack of provision in the significant clauses of the Malaysian standard contract form to fit the development of IBS to date. The aim of this paper is thus to establish a system of factors underpinned by Deming's Theory for the improvement of the significant clauses in the standard contract form for IBS construction in Malaysia. A multi-method approach was used to achieve its aim, including an extensive literature review, findings from the previous study via document analysis, preliminary survey, questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The research revealed that there are five significant clauses with important factors that can be improved in the existing Malaysian standard form of contract in relation to the IBS construction. The research also developed a framework that would be able to assist the policy and decision-makers in understanding what the improvement factors that need to be considered in the significant clauses in the standard form of contract in relation to the IBS construction. The research output (the framework) was validated by the prominent industry players on the practicality, suitability to its purposes for the related stakeholders. The developed framework would be able to accelerate the adoption of IBS construction in parallel with the initiatives (P3) in the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP)

Adopting Contractors’ Risk Management (CIRIM) Framework using Multi Dimensional Theories

In general, many contractors in Malaysia are found to have a limited expertise in developing an appropriate strategy to mitigate project risks. Consequently, this has led contractors struggling to complete the project on schedule, within the client’s budget and quality parameters. This was proven by the current issues on the delayed projects reported in the Ninth Malaysian Plan. Currently in Malaysia, there is no existing risk management framework specifically designed for contractors. Thus, the idea of introducing CIRIM among the Malaysian contractors is a proactive approach to achieve better project objectives. This paper therefore proposes to introduce the CIRIM framework to be adopted by the Malaysian contractors. The research methodology applied in the main research includes literature reviews, questionnaires and interviews. It is found that although there are some forms of risk management systems being used in the Malaysian construction industry, most of them are not well structured, documented and implemented in a formal manner. Therefore, the idea of establishing the CIRIM framework among Malaysian contractors is paramount and justified.Keywords: Risk Management, Contractors, CIRIM, Construction, Malaysia

AKAR KUNING (Arcangelisia flava) SEBAGAI INHIBITOR EGFR : KAJIAN IN SILICO

Akar kuning (Arcangelisa flava) diketahui memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologi seperti antikanker. Beberapa metabolit sekunder akar kuning menunjukkan aktivitas antiproliferasi sel kanker. Overproliferasi pada sel kanker salah satunya disebabkan oleh kelainan pada EGFR, kelompok reseptor yang berperan pada saat inisiasi proliferasi sel. Inhibisi pada EGFR dapat menghambat proses proliferasi sel kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui metabolit sekunder dari akar kuning dengan potensi paling besar sebagai inhibitor berbagai EGFR. Metode yang digunakan adalah molecular docking beberapa metabolit sekunder akar kuning terhadap EGFR-1, EGFR-2, EGFR-3, dan EGFR-4. Hasil docking menunjukkan berberin memberikan energi bebas ikatan paling negatif dan konstanta inhibisi paling kecil pada seluruh EGFR, dengan afinitas paling tinggi ditunjukkan pada EGFR-2 dengan ΔG dan ki secara berturut-turut sebesar -9,34 kcal/mol dan 141,81 nM. Over-ekspresi aktivitas dari EGFR-2 sendiri seringkali terjadi pada kanker payudara, terutama kanker payudara HER2-positif. Hasil tersebut memberikan prediksi bahwa berberin memiliki aktivitas sebagai inhibitor EGFR terutama EGFR-2 dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan pada terapi kanker payudara HER2-positif. Keyword : Akar Kuning, EGFR, Antikanker, Dockin

Enhancing the Quality of Life by Adopting IBS: An Economic Perspective on Mechanisation and Automation

AbstractIncorporating mechanisation and automation in the construction process is necessary to reduce production time and costs, improve working conditions, avoiding dangerous works, allow work to be performed where people cannot do, and eventually will increase performance, and product quality. This paper discusses a preliminary study on enhancing the quality of life by adopting Industrialised Building System (IBS) focusing on the economic perspective on the use of mechanisation and automation. The sustainability principles in the IBS have always maintained the harmony between environment and construction, improve human self-respect and encourage economic development to strive for a better quality of life

Pengaruh Perlakuan PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) Pada Media Kultur In Vitro Terhadap Anatomi Akar, Kandungan Katalase dan Akumulasi Malondialdehid Kedelai Varietas Deja 2 (Glycine max cv. “deja 2”)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon kedelai varietas Deja 2 pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan dengan parameter akumulasi malondialdehid (MDA), kandungan katalase (CAT) dan struktur anatomi akar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan eksperimen melalui kultur in vitro biji menggunakan media ½ MS (Murashige & Skoog) yang diberi PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) 6000. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi PEG meliputi 0%; 2,5%; 5%; dan 7,5%. Variabel terikatnya adalah kuantitas akumulasi MDA, kandungan CAT dan karakter anatomis akar kedelai Deja 2. Variabel terkendali meliputi jenis dan cara penggunaan PEG, kondisi lingkungan, dan karakteristik benih yang digunakan. Pengujian MDA menggunakan metode dari Gechev dengan pembacaan spektrofotometer 532 nm dan 600 nm. Pengujian kandungan katalase dilakukan dengan metode Aebi dan Lester dengan pembacaan spektrofotometer 240 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akumulasi MDA meningkat seiring meningkatnya konsentrasi PEG sampai konsentrasi 5%, dan menurun pada konsentrasi 7,5%. Kandungan CAT juga meningkat bahkan sampai pada PEG 7,5%. Perlakuan PEG tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada luas akar, panjang stele dan tebal korteks melainkan pada tebal struktur epidermisnya

The mechanisation and automation of the ibs construction approach in Malaysia / Siti Syariazulfa Kamaruddi ... [et al.]

The objective of the main research is to investigate the current state of implementation of mechanisation and automation in the Industrialised Building System (IBS). The aim of this paper however, is to provide an overview on the implementation of mechanisation and automation in the IBS construction approach. Questionnaire survey and semi structured interviews were conducted to collect the viewpoints among contractors and manufacturers of IBS to ensure the richness of the data collected. The results illustrated that although most respondents have agreed on most critical issues in the implementation of mechanisation and automation, they were not ready to move forward. These responses were quite consistent across the professions